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This animation was developed as Part II of the series on Modes of Action of Insecticides (Part I: Neurotoxic Insecticides). The animation was developed for individuals interested in organic gardening to explain how "green" agents such as soaps, oils and dusts can have insecticidal actions with low environmental and toxicological impacts.
This is a complete tutorial that runs for approximately 30 minutes. The animation is designed for the informed layman interested in alternative, environmentally sustainable approaches to insect pest management.
Soaps, oils and dusts appear to disrupt insect cellular integrity, water balance or oxygen consumption. Therefore, the tutorial explains the structural and functional roles of the insect cuticle and respiratory system as the physiological bases for lethal effects by soaps, oils and dusts. In addition, insect water conservation is discussed, as well as the properties of water, lipids and soaps to explain how soaps, oils and dusts produce lethal actions on insects. Finally, the tutorial illustrates the proposed modes of action by soaps, oils and dusts for the control of small, soft-bodied arthropod pests such as aphids, larvae, thrips, spider mites, etc.
SCENE TOPICS
Scene 1: Objectives — discusses the objectives of the tutorial to: (1) identify the structures and functions of the cuticle and respiratory system as the targets for actions by soaps, oils and dusts; (2) provide an overview to the chemical properties of water and lipids as they relate to insect physiology and to actions by soaps, oils and dusts; and (3) illustrate how soaps, oils and dusts may interact with the insect cuticle and respiratory system for insecticidal effects.
Scene 2: Insect Cuticle — organization and functions of the insect cuticle.
Scene 3: Respiratory Systems and Water Loss — How respiratory systems contribute to water loss in animals.
Scene 4: Insect Respiratory System — Specific organization and function of the insect tracheal respiratory system and its relation to insect water balance.
Scene 5: Chemistry of Water — unique properties of water as related to chemical solutions.
Scene 6: Chemistry of Lipids — overview of lipid structures as they relate to soaps and waxes and to the insect cuticle wax layer for water conservation.
Scene 7: Soaps — describes soaps as chemicals, how soaps interact with water and soap emulsification of lipoidal chemicals.
Scene 8: Cuticle Wax — structure and function of the insect cuticle wax layer for water conservation.
Scene 9: Dusts — nature of and types of insecticidal dusts, absorptive and abrasive actions of dusts on insect cuticle wax
Scene 10: Oils — insecticidal oils and insect suffocation
Scene 11: Soaps — insecticidal soaps and their possible actions on water balance, cell death and suffocation
Scene 12: Advantages and Disadvantages — the advantages and disadvantages of soaps, oils and dusts as insecticidal agents.
Scene 13: References and Acknowledgements — sources for information, reviewers and credits
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