Animation Summary —This animation describes how muscles are innervated and stimulated to contract in invertebrate animals using the insect muscle as a model.  Because insects are small animals, they must conserve internal body space.  Therefore, insects have fewer body cells, and muscles consist of fewer muscle fibers. Compared to vertebrate muscles, insects have modified both the innervation and the nervous controls of muscle fiber contraction.  The animation describes poly-neuronal innervation and multi-terminal endplates and shows how "fast", "slow", and inhibitory neurons control the fibers in an insect muscle unit to produce total contractions and graded contractions.

Please Note: all purchased animations play full screen.

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Direct Download - $10

(Flash format -2.7MB)

Instructions

1. Select Add to Cart button above. 
2. When you are ready to check out, pay by credit card.
3. As soon as your charge is cleared, you will receive an e-mail from Physioviva.com with the Subject entitled: Download Password and containing the password and a link for the Website to download your animation.
4. The animation (Flash format) will download as a zip file. 

(Texas residents will have state sales tax of 8.25% added at check-out)

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Other Purchase Options

Non-credit card purchases can be made by a purchase order from institutions or by personal check.  Please contact me by e-mail at: contact@physioviva.com to discuss your order. 

All animations will be delivered by d0wnloads from a client site.

CDs will not be provided except in special cases.